Using diffusion MRI for measuring the temperature of cerebrospinal fluid within the lateral ventricles

AIM Hypothermia is often induced to reduce brain injury in newborns, following perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic events, and in adults following traumatic brain injury, stroke or cardiac arrest. We aimed to devise a method, based on diffusion-weighted MRI, to measure non-invasively the temperature of the cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles. METHODS The well-known temperature dependence of the water diffusion constant was used for the estimation of temperature. We carried out diffusion MRI measurements on a 3T Philips Achieva Scanner involving phantoms (filled with water or artificial cerebrospinal fluid while slowly cooling from 41 to 32 degrees C) and healthy adult volunteers. RESULTS The estimated temperature of water phantoms followed that measured using a mercury thermometer, but the estimates for artificial cerebrospinal fluid were 1.04 degrees C lower. After correcting for this systematic difference, the estimated temperature within the lateral ventricles of volunteers was 39.9 degrees C. Using diffusion directions less sensitive to cerebrospinal fluid flow, it was 37.7 degrees C, which was in agreement with the literature. CONCLUSION Although further improvements are needed, measuring the temperature within the lateral ventricles using diffusion MRI is a viable method that may be useful for clinical applications. We introduced the method, identified sources of error and offered remedies for each.